ADA, ATA, Endocrine Society and related guidelines.

11 topics · 15 versions · 4 high-yield

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Adrenal insufficiency

adrenal-insufficiency · society: Endocrine Society

Endocrine Society 2016 guideline on diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), co-sponsored by the European Society of Endocrinology and AACC. Establishes the standard-dose (250 μg) corticotropin stimulation test as the diagnostic gold standard, recommends hydrocortisone or cortisone acetate as first-line glucocorticoid replacement with fludrocortisone for mineralocorticoid replacement, and details adrenal crisis prevention/management with patient education, emergency kits, and stress dosing. Excludes secondary adrenal insufficiency and critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency.

Cushing’s syndrome

cushings · society: Endocrine Society

Endocrine Society 2015 guideline (co-sponsored by European Society of Endocrinology) on the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome. Surgical resection of the causal lesion is first-line for all etiologies (transsphenoidal adenomectomy for Cushing’s disease, unilateral adrenalectomy for benign adrenal disease, resection with nodal dissection for ectopic ACTH). Second-line options — repeat TSS, radiotherapy/radiosurgery, steroidogenesis inhibitors, pituitary-directed agents, glucocorticoid receptor antagonists, and bilateral adrenalectomy — are individualized. Emphasizes aggressive treatment of comorbidities (CV risk, osteoporosis, VTE prophylaxis, infection risk) and lifelong recurrence surveillance.

Diabetes mellitus ⭐

diabetes · society: ADA · high-yield

The ADA Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 is the annually updated, comprehensive clinical practice guideline covering screening, diagnosis, prevention, and management of type 1, type 2, gestational, and other forms of diabetes across the lifespan, along with associated complications and comorbidities. It is a “living document” with interim online updates triggered by new evidence or regulatory changes. New for 2026: the National Kidney Foundation endorsed the CKD section and ISPAD endorsed the Children and Adolescents section, joining prior endorsements from ACC, AGS, ASBMR, and TOS. This introductory section describes scope, methodology, evidence grading, and conflict-of-interest policies rather than specific clinical recommendations.

Hyperglycemic crises (DKA / HHS) ⭐

dka-hhs · society: ADA/EASD · high-yield

2024 ADA/EASD/JBDS/AACE/DTS consensus update on diagnosis and management of DKA and HHS in adults, revising the 2009 ADA statement. Key changes: lowered DKA glucose threshold to ≥200 mg/dL (or any prior diabetes history) to capture euglycemic DKA, adoption of β-hydroxybutyrate ≥3.0 mmol/L as the preferred ketone criterion, endorsement of balanced crystalloids as an alternative to 0.9% saline, and expanded guidance on SGLT2 inhibitor–associated DKA, pregnancy, ESKD, and frail older adults.

Hyperthyroidism / thyrotoxicosis ⭐

hyperthyroidism · society: ATA · high-yield

The 2016 ATA guideline updates the diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, providing 124 evidence-based recommendations covering Graves’ disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), toxic adenoma (TA), subclinical hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, pediatric disease, Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), thyroid storm, and amiodarone/iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis. Major changes from 2011 include new paradigms for etiology evaluation (TRAb as cost-effective first-line testing), revised antithyroid drug (ATD) management (methimazole preferred except first-trimester pregnancy), updated pregnancy guidance (switch MMI to PTU before/early in pregnancy, then consider switch back after first trimester), and expanded perioperative preparation guidance.

Hypothyroidism ⭐

hypothyroidism · society: ATA · high-yield

ATA 2014 task force guideline on treatment of hypothyroidism, addressing 24 clinical questions across levothyroxine therapy, alternative preparations (combination LT4/LT3, desiccated thyroid, LT3 monotherapy, compounded products, nutraceuticals), special populations (elderly, pregnant, pediatric, hospitalized), myxedema coma, and thyroid hormone analogs. Reaffirms levothyroxine monotherapy as standard of care, finding no consistent evidence that LT4/LT3 combination therapy, thyroid extracts, or analogs are superior. Provides specific guidance on dosing, drug/food interactions, TSH targets, and management of nonadherence and nonthyroidal illness.

Male hypogonadism

male-hypogonadism · society: Endocrine Society

Endocrine Society 2018 update to the 2010 guideline on testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism. Diagnosis requires both symptoms/signs of testosterone deficiency AND unequivocally low, repeated morning fasting total testosterone; free testosterone is reserved for borderline values or altered SHBG. T therapy is indicated only for symptomatic hypogonadal men to restore secondary sex characteristics and correct symptoms, with specific contraindications and a structured monitoring plan targeting mid-normal serum T concentrations.

Obesity

obesity

AGA 2022 guideline on pharmacologic management of adults with obesity (BMI ≥30, or ≥27 with weight-related complications) who have inadequate response to lifestyle intervention. Strongly recommends adding long-term pharmacotherapy to lifestyle changes; conditionally suggests semaglutide 2.4 mg, liraglutide 3.0 mg, phentermine-topiramate ER, and naltrexone-bupropion ER (moderate certainty), and phentermine and diethylpropion (low certainty). Suggests against orlistat; Gelesis100 hydrogel only in clinical trial setting. Semaglutide prioritized for most patients based on magnitude of net benefit.

Osteoporosis

osteoporosis

The 2023 ACP living guideline updates pharmacologic management of primary osteoporosis and low bone mass in adults. Bisphosphonates are recommended as first-line therapy in both postmenopausal females and males with osteoporosis, with denosumab as second-line for bisphosphonate intolerance. Anabolic agents (romosozumab or teriparatide) followed by a bisphosphonate are reserved for females at very high fracture risk, while estrogen, estrogen-progestin, and SERMs are not recommended for treatment of osteoporosis.

  • 2023 · ACP — ACP 2023 Pharmacologic Treatment of Osteoporosis
  • 2020 · Endocrine Society — Endocrine Society 2020 Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Guideline
    • Read the guideline: html
  • 2020 · AACE/ACE — AACE/ACE 2020 Osteoporosis Guideline
    • Read the guideline: html
  • Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation — BHOF Clinician’s Guide
    • Read the guideline: html

Primary aldosteronism

primary-aldosteronism · society: Endocrine Society

2016 Endocrine Society update on detection, diagnosis, and treatment of primary aldosteronism (PA), revising the 2008 version. Recommends screening high-risk hypertensive groups with aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR), confirmatory testing, adrenal CT plus adrenal venous sampling (AVS) for subtype classification, laparoscopic adrenalectomy for unilateral disease, and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists for bilateral disease. New features include broadened screening criteria (BP >150/100), abbreviated workup for patients with spontaneous hypokalemia plus undetectable renin plus PAC >20 ng/dL, and incorporation of somatic/germline mutation data (KCNJ5, FH-III).

Thyroid nodules & differentiated cancer

thyroid-nodules · society: ATA

Comprehensive ATA guidelines for evaluation and management of adult thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), updating the 2009 version. Major changes include a sonographic pattern-based FNA decision framework, expanded role of molecular testing for indeterminate cytology, more conservative surgical approach (lobectomy acceptable for many 1–4 cm low-risk cancers), more selective use of RAI ablation in low/intermediate-risk disease, lower-activity RAI regimens, and a dynamic response-to-therapy risk restratification system. New sections address active surveillance for papillary microcarcinoma, kinase inhibitor therapy for RAI-refractory progressive disease, and management of advanced/metastatic DTC.

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